Working Groups
Production of Non-ferrous Metals
Documents
10/30/2001
Incentives and Disincentives For Meeting SD Objectives in the Metals Sector
Incentives and Disincentives for Meeting Sustainable Development Objectives in the Metals Sector An inventory of policy, regulatory and voluntary instruments and initiatives Timeframe for Example What is the specific incentive or disincentive to meeting SD objectives Who initiated this initiative? Who were the target of this initiative? What was the objective of the initiative? What instigated or caused this initiative? Who was involved in making this initiative happen What was the focus? (Note categories of choices above) At what level did the initiative apply? Is this initiative completed What was the effectiveness of this initiative in meeting SD objectives Reference Further Comments Lian Scholes and others Apr-98 Landfill Tax UK Government - Treasury Industry/ Local Authorities/Service sector Reduce waste to Landfill/Increase recycling EU policy on waste minimisation UK Government Econ/Env National Still Active Strong http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/waste/strategy/pdf/report.pdf Strong impact in terms of reducing amounts of waste going to landfill. Question mark over increased costs for recyclers. 2001 Educational and increasing confidence in industry Philippines Recyclers Inc Local Community Increasing environmental awareness and generating funds for further projects Increasing environmental awareness TV station, recyclers &Gvt dept. in Philippines Triple Bottom line National Still Active Unknown www.ilmc.org Jun-01 Sustainable Technologies Initiative - development of new technologies that are both sustainable and improve competitiveness Department of Trade & Industry/EPSRC, UK Industry/Business, Academia, Research Bodies UK Government Strategy on SD Government/Research body Econ/Env National Still Active Unknown http://www.dti.gov.uk/sti/index.htm EC legislation to increase recycling rate to achieve targets EU Governments Industry/business Reduce waste to Landfill/Increase recycling EU policy on waste minimisation UK Government Econ/Env National Still Active Unknown http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/waste/strategy/cm4693/pdf/wastvol1.pdf 2001 Integrated Pollution Prevention & Control EU- originally a UK idea Industry Industrial Pollution Control European Commission Member states Econ/Env Regional Still Active Unknown http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/ippc/index.htm http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/ppc/ippcguide/01.htm Industry welcomed level playing field and increase in confidence in industry. Takes into account cost to industry/proportionality 1992 to date Waste Classifications Various agencies: OECD Other intergovernmental bodies & National National Governments Safeguard developing countries from the uncontrolled dumping of hazardous waste from developed countries OECD National Governments Triple Bottom line Other Still Active Strong http://www.basel.int Problems with waste definition are a barrier to SD 2000 Climate Change Levy UK Government - Treasury Industry/business Reduce carbon dioxide emissions Kyoto Protocol Department of the Environment Econ/Env National Still Active Unknown http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/ccl/papers.htm 2000 End-of Life Directive EU Industry Waste minimisation Increasing recycling EC Econ/Env Regional Still Active Unknown http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/waste/endvehic.htm Big incentive for recycling but Directive provides for restrictions on use of certain non-ferrous metals 2000 Chemicals Policy EU Industry Promote precautionary principle & speed up risk assessment of metals & other substances. Failure of existing substances Regulations EC Triple Bottom line Regional Still Active Unknown http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/chemicals/whitepaper.htm Ben Dhonau 1992 Integrated Pollution Control Licensing Irish Government Large potentially polluting industries More effective licensing system applying Best Available Technology not Entailing Excessive Costs Government Initiative responding to popular concerns Government, Civic society, Industry Econ/Env National Still Active Strong http://www.epa.ie 1990 Environmental Impact Assessment Irish Government Projects with potentially significant environmental impacts Identification of environmental, social and economic impacts; mitigation of potentially adverse impacts EU Directive Government Triple Bottom line National Still Active Strong Directive 85/337/EEC. European Communities (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations, 1989 to 1998 Ongoing Package of measures encouraging responsible exploration Irish Government Exploration companies Ensuring responsible exploration Response to anti-mining lobby and Government policy to encourage mineral development Exploration and Mining division Dept. of the Marine and Natural resources Triple Bottom line National Still Active Strong Ongoing Processes in mineral development, planning and environmental legislation ensuring public can participate Irish Government Irish Population Public input to decisions Electorate Government Soc/Env National Still Active Weak 1990 Closure Planning and Funding as part of permitting Irish regulatory authorities; Mine developers Ensuring that new mining sites are rehabilitated Unsatisfactory experiences of past mines Irish regulatory authorities; Environmental National Still Active Unknown (No closures under these measures to date) 1970s Research on tailings rehabilitation Irish mining companies Irish mining companies Development of effective techniques Unsatisfactory experiences of past mines Mine company management Environmental Site Still Active Weak 2001 Schools environmental project The Lisheen Mine Local schools Increased environmental awareness by local children Company policy The Lisheen Mine management Soc/Env Local Y Strong Ongoing Requirements in permits for infrastructure to mitigate impacts, e.g. road remedial water supplies Permitting agencies Developers Ensure that projects bear related costs Local pressures Permitting agencies Triple Bottom line Local Still Active Strong Minerals Development Acts; Local Government (Planning & Development) Acts. 1999 Application of EU Landfill Directive to mining EU Commission Mining operations EU wide regulation of mining waste Mining incidents at Aznalcollar and Baia Mare EU Commission NGOs Environmental Trade Area Still Active Failed 2001 onwards Initiative on mine waste management EU Commission EU member states; Mining operations Improved environmental performance Mining incidents at Aznalcollar and Baia Mare EU Commission Environmental Trade Area Still Active Unclear 2001 Study on costs of mine waste disposal EU Commission Mining operations Information for better decision making on waste management regulation Mining incidents at Aznalcollar and Baia Mare EU Commission Econ/Env Trade Area Still Active Unclear 2000 onwards Rehabilitation of Silvermines abandoned mine site Irish Government Local Community Former operators Government agencies Draw up rehab. & management plans for site Interagency report on cattle deaths from lead poisoning Government agencies Local community Soc/Env Local Still Active Unknown Ongoing Co-ordination between Government departments/Agencies Irish Government Government Departments and Agencies Policies to take account of three pillars Irish Government Government Departments and Agencies Triple Bottom line National Still Active Weak 1999 and ongoing Mine heritage tourism project at former Shallee mining site Shannon Devlopment (State development Company) Government Departments and Agencies Demonstrate historical effects of mining on three pillars Local interest Government Departments and Agencies, local people Soc/Env Local Still Active Unknown Colin Chambers 1995-present Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics Environment Canada, Industry Associations Polluting Industries Reduce several persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic substances below regulated levels Depends…provides flexibility to industry and reduces regulatory oversight costs to government at time of deficit cutting Industry Associations, including Mining Association of Canada, Environment Canada ENGO's, Labour (both withdrew early in process) National Still Active Weak http:www.ec.gc.ca?aret/homee.html ~1997- present Review of Metal Mining Liquid Effluent Regulation (MMLERs) Environment Canada Mining Industry Update/review federal regulations established under the Fisheries Act to control and monitor toxic emissions to water Regulations last updated 24 years earlier Mining Industry, government, ENGOs, Labour Econ/Env National Y Weak http://laws.justice.ca/en/F14/C.R.C.-c819/text.html 1996 Ontario's amendments to regulations governing exploration on public lands under the Public Lands Act Ontario government, Mining Industry Mining Industry, especially juniors Alleviate industry irritant through removing permits for exploration permits on Crown lands Ontario government and industry Economic Other Y Failed Canadian Institute for Environmental Law and Policy, Ontario's Environment and the "Common Sense Revolution": A Second Year Report, July 1997, pages106-08. 1996 Amendments to Ontario Mining Act re: certification of closure plans Ontario government and mining industry Mining industry Allow mining companies to certify and submit closure plans independent of government oversight Alleviate industry irritant, increase competiveness of Ontario-based mining investment, reduce government administrative costs Ontario government, mining industry, Minister's Mining Act Advisory Committee (includes two ENGO reps and 1 labour) Economic Other Y Failed Ibid. 1996 Amendment to Ontario Mining Act re: self-assurance of reclamation funds Ontario government and mining industry Mining industry Allow qualifying mining companies to self-assure, or pay as you go, with respect to reclamation funds Alleviate industry irritant, increase competiveness of Ontario-based mining investment, reduce government administrative costs Ontario government, mining industry, Minister's Mining Act Advisory Committee (includes two ENGO reps and 1 labour) at regulation stage Economic Other Y Weak Ibid. 1996 Exemption of amount of reclamation funding for closure plans from Freedom of Information Requests Ontario government and mining industry Government and industry Make it impossible for Ontarions to get information regarding the amount of reclamation funding attached to a mining development and the type of funding mechanism being used. Industry irritant Ontario government, mining industry Economic Other Y Failed Ibid. 1996 Amendment to Ontario Mining Act re: exit permits Ontario government, Mining Industry Mining industry Allow return of mining lands to the Crown, alleviating companies of long-term environmental liabilities Industry irritant, competiveness concerns Ontario government and industry Economic Other Y Failed Ibid. 1998-present Ontario's "Living Legacy" land-use management plan Ontario government, resource sector industries resource communities, resource sector companies, NGOs Determine land-use categorization for areas south of 60 degrees Land access issues Ontario government, ENGOs, Labour, tourism industry, resource sector companies, largely forestry and mining Triple Regional Still Active Weak www.uccm.on.ca/NL's/Jan00/feature1.html; www.ontarioslivinglegacy.com/theme.html; www.mndm.gov.on.ca/MNDM/MINES/LANDS/mlsmnpge.html Soledad Santa Ana/Carlos Gajardo 1992 Environmental Impact Assessment System Chilean Government Large potentially polluting industries Identification of environmental, social and economic impacts; mitigation of potentially adverse impacts The Chilean law Government, Civil society, Industry Triple Bottom line National Still Active Strong http://www.conama.cl Since 1992 to 1998 EnvironmmentalDecontamination Plans (5 Plans) Chilean Government To reduce emissions of some pollutants (Sulfur dioxide; PM10) To comply with air quality standards of the country (primary and secondary standards) The Chilean law Government and industry Soc/Env National Still Active Strong Supreme Decree 185 of the Mining Minister (1991); Environmental Law 19300; htpp://www.conama.cl Since 1995 to 2001 (Ongoing 6th.Plan) Process to stablish national environmental standards for air, water and residues Chilean Government National standards priorized anually To protect human health and ecosystem Response to Government policy to encourage the quality of the environment of the country Government, industry and civil society Triple Bottom line National Still Active Strong http://www.conama.cl 1996 and ongoing Social programs to support initiatives related on health, job and education, and to encourage social groups (like indigineous groups, unions, neighboring groups) Minera Escondida Foundation is an independent non-profit institution that was created by Minera Escondida Limited in the second region (province of Antofagasta) of Chile Sectors living in poverty conditions. Six areas of working: micro-entrepeneural development programs; labour insertion; support of educacional programs; support to health conditions; indigineous communities; social institutions. Improving the standard of living from communities Corporate policy Non profit institution Soc/Econ Local Still Active Strong www.bhp.com Since 1997 Creation of the Teplisky Institute Atacama University, located at the third Region (Atacama province) of Chile Training to the mining operators To create an institution for training and transfer of technology on mining Response to Government policy to encourage the quality of education Government and industry Soc/Env Local Still Active Unknown http://www.uda.cl Since 2000 Clean Production Agreement Chilean public departaments and agencies and the Mining Council To generate six areas of work with the mining sector (energy; water; liquid and solid residues; closure of mines;acid mine drainage) To protect human health and ecosystem Voluntary initiative Government and industry Econ/Env Other Still Active Weak http://www.minmineria.cl Carl-Magnus Backman 1999 Protection of valuabel natural and cultural environments against mining activities Swedish government, Exploration companies, land-owners Proposal of changes in the Swedish mineral act Swedish government, all political parites Public (esp Southern part of Sweden Econ/Env National Still active Unknkown http://naring.regeringen.se/index.htm 1998 Decrease of heavy metal pollution MISTRA ("Foundation for strategic environmental research") Universities, tecnical high scools, mining companies, consulting companies Development of environmentally and economically effective methods for treatment of mining waste Universities, tecnical high scools, mining companies, MISTRA, environmental authorities Universities, tecnical high scools, mining companies, MISTRA Econ/Env National Still active Unknkown www.mistra.org 1998 Energy effectiveness, decrease in pollution Boliden Boliden, Rönnskär metallurgical complex Increase production of Cu, reduce energy consumption and emission per production unit Boliden (Environmental authorities) Boliden Econ/Env Site Y Unknkown www.boliden.se Juha Parkkinen September 2001 Open house for local schools OMG Harjavalta Nickel Local Community and Government Facilitating dialogue with community Outscoring activities 13 various companies together Soc/Env Site Y Strong Spring 2001 Meetings with community political decision makers OMG Harjavalta Nickel Local Community and Government Facilitating dialogue with community on environmental permits New plants to be built Harjavalta Community, OMG Harjavalta Metals Soc/Env Local Still Active Strong Year 2001 Booklet on environment OMG Harjavalta Nickel Local people Facilitating dialogue with community on environmental permits New companies 13 various companies together Soc/Env Local Still Active UnKnown Martin Ruhrberg 1993 Accelerated Reduction and/or elimination of Toxics (ARET) Canadian Government Industrial activities Identify, reduce or eliminate toxic substances linked to industrial activity Pressure from environmental community and academics Canadian Government, Mining Association of Canada Environmental National strong UNEP Mining and Sustainable Development II, p. 84 1996 Australian Minerals Code for Environmental Management Australian Minerals Industry Australian Minerals Industry worldwide Drive continuous improvement in environmental management, set key principles for environmental management Minerals Council of Australia Environmental National Still Active UNEP Mining and Sustainable Development II, p. 85, http://www.minerals.org.au/pages/page13_200.asp 2000 Voluntary Code for the use of cyanide in mining Gold Industry Gold Industry Operations Develop a voluntary code for the management of cyanide in mining Recent accidents like the cyanide spill in Romania UNEP, ICME Environmental global Still Active UNEP Mining and Sustainable Development II, p. 83 1991 & 1999 Berlin Guidelines I & II UNEP, UNDESA Mining industry Develop environmental guidelines for mining operations UNEP, UNDESA Environmental global 1995 Mine Environment Neutral Drainage (MEND) program Canadian Government Mining industry Prevent, mitigate and reduce harmful effects of acid rock drainage High liability costs for remediation Canadian mining companies and provincial and federal departments Environmental national Still active Strong http://mend2000.nrcan.gc.ca/default_e.htm 1995 Minerals & Metals Policy Canada Natural Resources Canada Mining industry Affirms provincial jurisdiction over mining; delineates a role for Government in minerals and metals; and commits Government to pursue partnerships with stakeholders Triple national Still active http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/mms/sdev/policy-e.htm 1999 Global Mining Initiative WBCSD IIED, Mining Industry http://www.iied.org/mmsd 1997 Global Reporting Initiative UNEP, CERES Industry in general Create a voluntary framework for SD reporting Call for generally accepted reporting framework Multistakeholder effort (NGO, Consultants, business associations, universities Triple global Still active http://www.globalreporting.org/ 1998 ICME Environmental Charta International Council on Metals and the Environment member companies Guidance of member companies, establish environmental stewardship, product stewardship and community responsibility principles Committment of ICME members to accept the importance of responsibly managing their operations & products member companies Soc/Env global http://www.icme.org NRCan; Patrick Chevalier 1993 - 2000 Accelerated Reduction and/or elimination of Toxics (ARET) Canadian Industry in partnership with Environment Canada Industrial activities Identify, reduce or eliminate toxic substances linked to industrial activity Response to concern about releases to the environment from industrial activities. Canadian Government, Mining Association of Canada, other Canadian industry sectors Environmental National Completed in 2000. Process in place to find a successor prgramme. strong - Together, 316 facilities from companies and government organisations have reduced releases to the environment by 26,358 t - a decrease of 67% from base year levels to December 1998. Participants also committed to further reduce their releases by another 3 052 t by the year 2000, for a total reduction of 29 410 t, a 75% reduction from base-year levels. http://www.ec.gc.ca/aret/homee.htm 1995 Mine Environment Neutral Drainage (MEND) program Canadian Government Mining industry Prevent, mitigate and reduce harmful effects of acid rock drainage. The key to MEND 2000 is technology transfer. That is, to provide state-of-the-art information and technology developments to users via workshops, reports and online services. High liability costs for remediation Canadian mining companies and provincial and federal departments Environmental national Still active Strong -Through the MEND program, Canadian mining companies and provincial and federal departments have reduced the liability due to acidic drainage by at least C$400 million. This is an impressive return on an investment of C$17.5 million over 8 years. http://mend2000.nrcan.gc.ca/default_e.htm 1996 Minerals & Metals Policy of the Government of Canada Natural Resources Canada Federal Government Departments, Minerals and Metals industry Affirms provincial jurisdiction over mining; delineates a role for Government in minerals and metals; and commits Government to pursue partnerships with stakeholders To fulfill Departmental mandate to promote the sustainable development of Canada's natural resources. Canadian government. Triple national Still active strong http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/mms/sdev/policy-e.htm 1995 The Mining Association of Canada Environmental Policy Mining Association of Canada Association member companies operating in Canada and the rest of the world. Commit to sustainable development. In all jurisdictions, in addition to complying with legislative requirements, member companies will diligently apply technically proven and economically feasible measures to advance protection of the environment throughout exploration, mining, processing, manufacturing and closure. To promote sustainable development practices within association member companies. Canadian mining industry Environmental national and international Still active strong - developed by the environmental managers of major mining companies in Canada and endorsed by their Chief Executives. The Mining Association of Canada was the world's first national mining body to adopt an environmental policy. http://www.mining.ca/english/initiatives/environm.html 1996 International Lead Management Center, Inc. International lead industry International lead industry The International Lead Management Center is charged with the implementation of a voluntary Industry Lead Risk Management Project. Industry response to the Environment Ministers of the Organisation for Economic Cooper-ation and Development (OECD) 1996 Declaration on Risk Reduction for Lead. International lead industry - BHP Cannington, M.I.M. Holdings Limited, The Doe Run Company, Pasminco, Umicore, Industrias Peñoles, S.A. de C.V, Teck Cominco, ASARCO, Boliden Limited, Noranda Inc. Environmental, human health international Still active strong - multistakeholder pilot programmes established in Philipines, Mexico, Russia and Peru. http://www.ilmc.org/ 1995 Mines Ministries of the Americas (Conferencia Anual de Ministerios de Minería de las Américas - CAMMA) Minister of Energy and Mining of Venezuela invited all other Mines Ministers of the Americas to discuss mining political aspects. During this meeting, Ministers Arrieta (Venezuela) and Teplizky (Chile) developed the idea of CAMMA. Governments, mining industry CAMMA is the only high-level forum in the hemisphere to address sustainable mining development issues. CAMMA recognizes that mining contributes decisively to the economies of all mining countries and reinforces the importance of hemispheric cooperation. To work on a common approach and coordinate policies on sustainable development, work on a common approach and coordinate policies on the safe use of minerals and metals and monitor the degree of progress in the priority areas indicated in the conclusions of the Meeting of Experts held in Santiago, Chile. Mining Ministries in the Americas Triple international Still active strong http://www.camma.org/
Lian Scholes and others Apr-98 Landfill Tax UK Government - Treasury Industry/ Local Authorities/Service sector Reduce waste to Landfill/Increase recycling EU policy on waste minimisation UK Government Econ/Env National Still Active Strong http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/waste/strategy/pdf/report.pdf Strong impact in terms of reducing amounts of waste going to landfill. Question mark over increased costs for recyclers. 2001 Educational and increasing confidence in industry Philippines Recyclers Inc Local Community Increasing environmental awareness and generating funds for further projects Increasing environmental awareness TV station, recyclers &Gvt dept. in Philippines Triple Bottom line National Still Active Unknown www.ilmc.org Jun-01 Sustainable Technologies Initiative - development of new technologies that are both sustainable and improve competitiveness Department of Trade & Industry/EPSRC, UK Industry/Business, Academia, Research Bodies UK Government Strategy on SD Government/Research body Econ/Env National Still Active Unknown http://www.dti.gov.uk/sti/index.htm EC legislation to increase recycling rate to achieve targets EU Governments Industry/business Reduce waste to Landfill/Increase recycling EU policy on waste minimisation UK Government Econ/Env National Still Active Unknown http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/waste/strategy/cm4693/pdf/wastvol1.pdf 2001 Integrated Pollution Prevention & Control EU- originally a UK idea Industry Industrial Pollution Control European Commission Member states Econ/Env Regional Still Active Unknown http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/ippc/index.htm http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/ppc/ippcguide/01.htm Industry welcomed level playing field and increase in confidence in industry. Takes into account cost to industry/proportionality 1992 to date Waste Classifications Various agencies: OECD Other intergovernmental bodies & National National Governments Safeguard developing countries from the uncontrolled dumping of hazardous waste from developed countries OECD National Governments Triple Bottom line Other Still Active Strong http://www.basel.int Problems with waste definition are a barrier to SD 2000 Climate Change Levy UK Government - Treasury Industry/business Reduce carbon dioxide emissions Kyoto Protocol Department of the Environment Econ/Env National Still Active Unknown http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/ccl/papers.htm 2000 End-of Life Directive EU Industry Waste minimisation Increasing recycling EC Econ/Env Regional Still Active Unknown http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/waste/endvehic.htm Big incentive for recycling but Directive provides for restrictions on use of certain non-ferrous metals 2000 Chemicals Policy EU Industry Promote precautionary principle & speed up risk assessment of metals & other substances. Failure of existing substances Regulations EC Triple Bottom line Regional Still Active Unknown http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/chemicals/whitepaper.htm Ben Dhonau 1992 Integrated Pollution Control Licensing Irish Government Large potentially polluting industries More effective licensing system applying Best Available Technology not Entailing Excessive Costs Government Initiative responding to popular concerns Government, Civic society, Industry Econ/Env National Still Active Strong http://www.epa.ie 1990 Environmental Impact Assessment Irish Government Projects with potentially significant environmental impacts Identification of environmental, social and economic impacts; mitigation of potentially adverse impacts EU Directive Government Triple Bottom line National Still Active Strong Directive 85/337/EEC. European Communities (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations, 1989 to 1998 Ongoing Package of measures encouraging responsible exploration Irish Government Exploration companies Ensuring responsible exploration Response to anti-mining lobby and Government policy to encourage mineral development Exploration and Mining division Dept. of the Marine and Natural resources Triple Bottom line National Still Active Strong Ongoing Processes in mineral development, planning and environmental legislation ensuring public can participate Irish Government Irish Population Public input to decisions Electorate Government Soc/Env National Still Active Weak 1990 Closure Planning and Funding as part of permitting Irish regulatory authorities; Mine developers Ensuring that new mining sites are rehabilitated Unsatisfactory experiences of past mines Irish regulatory authorities; Environmental National Still Active Unknown (No closures under these measures to date) 1970s Research on tailings rehabilitation Irish mining companies Irish mining companies Development of effective techniques Unsatisfactory experiences of past mines Mine company management Environmental Site Still Active Weak 2001 Schools environmental project The Lisheen Mine Local schools Increased environmental awareness by local children Company policy The Lisheen Mine management Soc/Env Local Y Strong Ongoing Requirements in permits for infrastructure to mitigate impacts, e.g. road remedial water supplies Permitting agencies Developers Ensure that projects bear related costs Local pressures Permitting agencies Triple Bottom line Local Still Active Strong Minerals Development Acts; Local Government (Planning & Development) Acts. 1999 Application of EU Landfill Directive to mining EU Commission Mining operations EU wide regulation of mining waste Mining incidents at Aznalcollar and Baia Mare EU Commission NGOs Environmental Trade Area Still Active Failed 2001 onwards Initiative on mine waste management EU Commission EU member states; Mining operations Improved environmental performance Mining incidents at Aznalcollar and Baia Mare EU Commission Environmental Trade Area Still Active Unclear 2001 Study on costs of mine waste disposal EU Commission Mining operations Information for better decision making on waste management regulation Mining incidents at Aznalcollar and Baia Mare EU Commission Econ/Env Trade Area Still Active Unclear 2000 onwards Rehabilitation of Silvermines abandoned mine site Irish Government Local Community Former operators Government agencies Draw up rehab. & management plans for site Interagency report on cattle deaths from lead poisoning Government agencies Local community Soc/Env Local Still Active Unknown Ongoing Co-ordination between Government departments/Agencies Irish Government Government Departments and Agencies Policies to take account of three pillars Irish Government Government Departments and Agencies Triple Bottom line National Still Active Weak 1999 and ongoing Mine heritage tourism project at former Shallee mining site Shannon Devlopment (State development Company) Government Departments and Agencies Demonstrate historical effects of mining on three pillars Local interest Government Departments and Agencies, local people Soc/Env Local Still Active Unknown Colin Chambers 1995-present Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics Environment Canada, Industry Associations Polluting Industries Reduce several persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic substances below regulated levels Depends…provides flexibility to industry and reduces regulatory oversight costs to government at time of deficit cutting Industry Associations, including Mining Association of Canada, Environment Canada ENGO's, Labour (both withdrew early in process) National Still Active Weak http:www.ec.gc.ca?aret/homee.html ~1997- present Review of Metal Mining Liquid Effluent Regulation (MMLERs) Environment Canada Mining Industry Update/review federal regulations established under the Fisheries Act to control and monitor toxic emissions to water Regulations last updated 24 years earlier Mining Industry, government, ENGOs, Labour Econ/Env National Y Weak http://laws.justice.ca/en/F14/C.R.C.-c819/text.html 1996 Ontario's amendments to regulations governing exploration on public lands under the Public Lands Act Ontario government, Mining Industry Mining Industry, especially juniors Alleviate industry irritant through removing permits for exploration permits on Crown lands Ontario government and industry Economic Other Y Failed Canadian Institute for Environmental Law and Policy, Ontario's Environment and the "Common Sense Revolution": A Second Year Report, July 1997, pages106-08. 1996 Amendments to Ontario Mining Act re: certification of closure plans Ontario government and mining industry Mining industry Allow mining companies to certify and submit closure plans independent of government oversight Alleviate industry irritant, increase competiveness of Ontario-based mining investment, reduce government administrative costs Ontario government, mining industry, Minister's Mining Act Advisory Committee (includes two ENGO reps and 1 labour) Economic Other Y Failed Ibid. 1996 Amendment to Ontario Mining Act re: self-assurance of reclamation funds Ontario government and mining industry Mining industry Allow qualifying mining companies to self-assure, or pay as you go, with respect to reclamation funds Alleviate industry irritant, increase competiveness of Ontario-based mining investment, reduce government administrative costs Ontario government, mining industry, Minister's Mining Act Advisory Committee (includes two ENGO reps and 1 labour) at regulation stage Economic Other Y Weak Ibid. 1996 Exemption of amount of reclamation funding for closure plans from Freedom of Information Requests Ontario government and mining industry Government and industry Make it impossible for Ontarions to get information regarding the amount of reclamation funding attached to a mining development and the type of funding mechanism being used. Industry irritant Ontario government, mining industry Economic Other Y Failed Ibid. 1996 Amendment to Ontario Mining Act re: exit permits Ontario government, Mining Industry Mining industry Allow return of mining lands to the Crown, alleviating companies of long-term environmental liabilities Industry irritant, competiveness concerns Ontario government and industry Economic Other Y Failed Ibid. 1998-present Ontario's "Living Legacy" land-use management plan Ontario government, resource sector industries resource communities, resource sector companies, NGOs Determine land-use categorization for areas south of 60 degrees Land access issues Ontario government, ENGOs, Labour, tourism industry, resource sector companies, largely forestry and mining Triple Regional Still Active Weak www.uccm.on.ca/NL's/Jan00/feature1.html; www.ontarioslivinglegacy.com/theme.html; www.mndm.gov.on.ca/MNDM/MINES/LANDS/mlsmnpge.html Soledad Santa Ana/Carlos Gajardo 1992 Environmental Impact Assessment System Chilean Government Large potentially polluting industries Identification of environmental, social and economic impacts; mitigation of potentially adverse impacts The Chilean law Government, Civil society, Industry Triple Bottom line National Still Active Strong http://www.conama.cl Since 1992 to 1998 EnvironmmentalDecontamination Plans (5 Plans) Chilean Government To reduce emissions of some pollutants (Sulfur dioxide; PM10) To comply with air quality standards of the country (primary and secondary standards) The Chilean law Government and industry Soc/Env National Still Active Strong Supreme Decree 185 of the Mining Minister (1991); Environmental Law 19300; htpp://www.conama.cl Since 1995 to 2001 (Ongoing 6th.Plan) Process to stablish national environmental standards for air, water and residues Chilean Government National standards priorized anually To protect human health and ecosystem Response to Government policy to encourage the quality of the environment of the country Government, industry and civil society Triple Bottom line National Still Active Strong http://www.conama.cl 1996 and ongoing Social programs to support initiatives related on health, job and education, and to encourage social groups (like indigineous groups, unions, neighboring groups) Minera Escondida Foundation is an independent non-profit institution that was created by Minera Escondida Limited in the second region (province of Antofagasta) of Chile Sectors living in poverty conditions. Six areas of working: micro-entrepeneural development programs; labour insertion; support of educacional programs; support to health conditions; indigineous communities; social institutions. Improving the standard of living from communities Corporate policy Non profit institution Soc/Econ Local Still Active Strong www.bhp.com Since 1997 Creation of the Teplisky Institute Atacama University, located at the third Region (Atacama province) of Chile Training to the mining operators To create an institution for training and transfer of technology on mining Response to Government policy to encourage the quality of education Government and industry Soc/Env Local Still Active Unknown http://www.uda.cl Since 2000 Clean Production Agreement Chilean public departaments and agencies and the Mining Council To generate six areas of work with the mining sector (energy; water; liquid and solid residues; closure of mines;acid mine drainage) To protect human health and ecosystem Voluntary initiative Government and industry Econ/Env Other Still Active Weak http://www.minmineria.cl Carl-Magnus Backman 1999 Protection of valuabel natural and cultural environments against mining activities Swedish government, Exploration companies, land-owners Proposal of changes in the Swedish mineral act Swedish government, all political parites Public (esp Southern part of Sweden Econ/Env National Still active Unknkown http://naring.regeringen.se/index.htm 1998 Decrease of heavy metal pollution MISTRA ("Foundation for strategic environmental research") Universities, tecnical high scools, mining companies, consulting companies Development of environmentally and economically effective methods for treatment of mining waste Universities, tecnical high scools, mining companies, MISTRA, environmental authorities Universities, tecnical high scools, mining companies, MISTRA Econ/Env National Still active Unknkown www.mistra.org 1998 Energy effectiveness, decrease in pollution Boliden Boliden, Rönnskär metallurgical complex Increase production of Cu, reduce energy consumption and emission per production unit Boliden (Environmental authorities) Boliden Econ/Env Site Y Unknkown www.boliden.se Juha Parkkinen September 2001 Open house for local schools OMG Harjavalta Nickel Local Community and Government Facilitating dialogue with community Outscoring activities 13 various companies together Soc/Env Site Y Strong Spring 2001 Meetings with community political decision makers OMG Harjavalta Nickel Local Community and Government Facilitating dialogue with community on environmental permits New plants to be built Harjavalta Community, OMG Harjavalta Metals Soc/Env Local Still Active Strong Year 2001 Booklet on environment OMG Harjavalta Nickel Local people Facilitating dialogue with community on environmental permits New companies 13 various companies together Soc/Env Local Still Active UnKnown Martin Ruhrberg 1993 Accelerated Reduction and/or elimination of Toxics (ARET) Canadian Government Industrial activities Identify, reduce or eliminate toxic substances linked to industrial activity Pressure from environmental community and academics Canadian Government, Mining Association of Canada Environmental National strong UNEP Mining and Sustainable Development II, p. 84 1996 Australian Minerals Code for Environmental Management Australian Minerals Industry Australian Minerals Industry worldwide Drive continuous improvement in environmental management, set key principles for environmental management Minerals Council of Australia Environmental National Still Active UNEP Mining and Sustainable Development II, p. 85, http://www.minerals.org.au/pages/page13_200.asp 2000 Voluntary Code for the use of cyanide in mining Gold Industry Gold Industry Operations Develop a voluntary code for the management of cyanide in mining Recent accidents like the cyanide spill in Romania UNEP, ICME Environmental global Still Active UNEP Mining and Sustainable Development II, p. 83 1991 & 1999 Berlin Guidelines I & II UNEP, UNDESA Mining industry Develop environmental guidelines for mining operations UNEP, UNDESA Environmental global 1995 Mine Environment Neutral Drainage (MEND) program Canadian Government Mining industry Prevent, mitigate and reduce harmful effects of acid rock drainage High liability costs for remediation Canadian mining companies and provincial and federal departments Environmental national Still active Strong http://mend2000.nrcan.gc.ca/default_e.htm 1995 Minerals & Metals Policy Canada Natural Resources Canada Mining industry Affirms provincial jurisdiction over mining; delineates a role for Government in minerals and metals; and commits Government to pursue partnerships with stakeholders Triple national Still active http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/mms/sdev/policy-e.htm 1999 Global Mining Initiative WBCSD IIED, Mining Industry http://www.iied.org/mmsd 1997 Global Reporting Initiative UNEP, CERES Industry in general Create a voluntary framework for SD reporting Call for generally accepted reporting framework Multistakeholder effort (NGO, Consultants, business associations, universities Triple global Still active http://www.globalreporting.org/ 1998 ICME Environmental Charta International Council on Metals and the Environment member companies Guidance of member companies, establish environmental stewardship, product stewardship and community responsibility principles Committment of ICME members to accept the importance of responsibly managing their operations & products member companies Soc/Env global http://www.icme.org NRCan; Patrick Chevalier 1993 - 2000 Accelerated Reduction and/or elimination of Toxics (ARET) Canadian Industry in partnership with Environment Canada Industrial activities Identify, reduce or eliminate toxic substances linked to industrial activity Response to concern about releases to the environment from industrial activities. Canadian Government, Mining Association of Canada, other Canadian industry sectors Environmental National Completed in 2000. Process in place to find a successor prgramme. strong - Together, 316 facilities from companies and government organisations have reduced releases to the environment by 26,358 t - a decrease of 67% from base year levels to December 1998. Participants also committed to further reduce their releases by another 3 052 t by the year 2000, for a total reduction of 29 410 t, a 75% reduction from base-year levels. http://www.ec.gc.ca/aret/homee.htm 1995 Mine Environment Neutral Drainage (MEND) program Canadian Government Mining industry Prevent, mitigate and reduce harmful effects of acid rock drainage. The key to MEND 2000 is technology transfer. That is, to provide state-of-the-art information and technology developments to users via workshops, reports and online services. High liability costs for remediation Canadian mining companies and provincial and federal departments Environmental national Still active Strong -Through the MEND program, Canadian mining companies and provincial and federal departments have reduced the liability due to acidic drainage by at least C$400 million. This is an impressive return on an investment of C$17.5 million over 8 years. http://mend2000.nrcan.gc.ca/default_e.htm 1996 Minerals & Metals Policy of the Government of Canada Natural Resources Canada Federal Government Departments, Minerals and Metals industry Affirms provincial jurisdiction over mining; delineates a role for Government in minerals and metals; and commits Government to pursue partnerships with stakeholders To fulfill Departmental mandate to promote the sustainable development of Canada's natural resources. Canadian government. Triple national Still active strong http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/mms/sdev/policy-e.htm 1995 The Mining Association of Canada Environmental Policy Mining Association of Canada Association member companies operating in Canada and the rest of the world. Commit to sustainable development. In all jurisdictions, in addition to complying with legislative requirements, member companies will diligently apply technically proven and economically feasible measures to advance protection of the environment throughout exploration, mining, processing, manufacturing and closure. To promote sustainable development practices within association member companies. Canadian mining industry Environmental national and international Still active strong - developed by the environmental managers of major mining companies in Canada and endorsed by their Chief Executives. The Mining Association of Canada was the world's first national mining body to adopt an environmental policy. http://www.mining.ca/english/initiatives/environm.html 1996 International Lead Management Center, Inc. International lead industry International lead industry The International Lead Management Center is charged with the implementation of a voluntary Industry Lead Risk Management Project. Industry response to the Environment Ministers of the Organisation for Economic Cooper-ation and Development (OECD) 1996 Declaration on Risk Reduction for Lead. International lead industry - BHP Cannington, M.I.M. Holdings Limited, The Doe Run Company, Pasminco, Umicore, Industrias Peñoles, S.A. de C.V, Teck Cominco, ASARCO, Boliden Limited, Noranda Inc. Environmental, human health international Still active strong - multistakeholder pilot programmes established in Philipines, Mexico, Russia and Peru. http://www.ilmc.org/ 1995 Mines Ministries of the Americas (Conferencia Anual de Ministerios de Minería de las Américas - CAMMA) Minister of Energy and Mining of Venezuela invited all other Mines Ministers of the Americas to discuss mining political aspects. During this meeting, Ministers Arrieta (Venezuela) and Teplizky (Chile) developed the idea of CAMMA. Governments, mining industry CAMMA is the only high-level forum in the hemisphere to address sustainable mining development issues. CAMMA recognizes that mining contributes decisively to the economies of all mining countries and reinforces the importance of hemispheric cooperation. To work on a common approach and coordinate policies on sustainable development, work on a common approach and coordinate policies on the safe use of minerals and metals and monitor the degree of progress in the priority areas indicated in the conclusions of the Meeting of Experts held in Santiago, Chile. Mining Ministries in the Americas Triple international Still active strong http://www.camma.org/
Last Updated on 10/30/01
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